山东省平度市地方性氟中毒防制现状调查

Investigation of Present Status of Prevention and Control for Endemic Fluorosis in Pingdu City in Shandong Province

目的了解平度市的地方性氟中毒防制现状。方法按照《地方性氟中毒防制现状调查方案》的要求,对原地方性氟中毒病村和疑似病村进行流行病学调查,水、尿氟用氟离子电极法测定,儿童氟斑牙调查采用Dean法进行诊断,X线摄片检查氟骨症。结果该市共建改水降氟工程344处,均运转基本正常。已改水的病村482个,占69.96%,未改水的病村207个,占30.04%。共检测672个病村的1140份水样,水氟≤1.00mg/L的村占33.33%,水氟>1.00mg/L的村占66.67%;在482个改水村中,水氟≤1.00mg/L的村占42.53%,水氟>1.00mg/L的村占57.47%;最高水氟为19.00mg/L。调查937名8～12岁儿童,氟斑牙患病率为61.69%,斑釉指数为1.34。对617名30岁以上成人进行了临床和X线摄片检查,氟骨症患病率为27.88%。8～12岁儿童的尿氟几何均值为1.53mg/L(0.43～5.84mg/L);30岁以上成人的尿氟几何均值为2.25mg/L(0.06～16.40mg/L)。结论平度市现仍有448个村的23万余人遭受高氟的危害,地方性氟中毒防制形势依然严峻,须进一步加大防制工作力度。

Objective To understand the present status of prevention and control for endemic fluorosis. Methods According to research standard of the present states prevention and control for endemic fluorosis, the content of fluoride in drinking water and urine were tesbed by F-ion selective electrode, and dental fluorosis of children were diagnesed by Dean method and skeletal fluorosis tested by X-Rays. Results In whole city, 344 water-improvment and defluoridation projects had been built. The projects went on norreally. There were 482 fluorosis villages have improved water and lowered water fluoride, which accounted for 69.96% of all fluorosis villages.There were 207 fluorosis villages haven＇ to improved water and lowered fluoride, accounting for 30.04% of the villages. We have determined 1 140 water fluoride content of 672 fluorosis villages, of which 33.3% villages＇ water fluoride content ≤ 1.00 mg/L AND 66.67% 〉 1.00 mg/L, Among 482 water-improved villages, the villages of water fluoride content ≤ 1.00 mg/L accounted for 42.53% and the villages of water fluoride content 〉 1.00 mg/L accounted for 57.47%, the highest water fluoride content was 19.00 mg/L. The rate of dental fluorosis of 937 children aged 8 ～ 12 years was 61.69% and the index of dental fluorosis was 1.34. 617 adults of 30 years old and over were examined by clinic and X-Ray and the rate of skeletal fluorosis was 27.88% .The average fluoride level of children＇s urine was 1.53 mg/L （confines： 0.43 ～ 5.84 mg/L） ; The average fluoride level of adults＇ urine was 2.25 mg/L （confines： 0.06 - 16.40 mg/L）. Conclusion Now there are still over 448 villages and 23 ten thousands people are passing through endangerment of endemic fluorosis, and the preventive situation for endemic fluorosis is still severe in Pingdu city. Preventive working for endemic fluorosis control must be strengthened.