清代前期蒙学教材研究

On private schools' teaching materials at early Qing dynasty

蒙学教育自三代而始,历经周秦、魏晋、唐宋的稳步发展,至清已达到更为完备和成熟的程度。伴随着蒙学教育的发展,清代前期的蒙学教材在这一时期也呈现出多样化、完备化的发展态势。在教材的编纂体例上,更为关注儿童自身的心理和认知特点,行文上注重押韵、内容上贴近日常生活。此一时期蒙学教材的特征主要体现在:对前代蒙学教材的合理继承;重视封建伦理道德教育;突出历史性与常识性的教育内容;与科举取士的紧密结合以及杂字教材的出现等。

Ancient private schools were initiated from the first Three Dynasties, and developed steadily in Zhou,Qin,Weijin,Tang and Song. They were perfect and mature by the time of Qing dynasty. With the development of the ancient private schools education, the teaching materials in these schools also were diversified and completed. In style, they paid more attention to the children＇s characteristics in psychology and cognition. In wording great attention was paid to the rhyme, and in content they were closer to the daily life. The features of these materials could be seen as ： following the tradition of the former dynasties＇ teaching materials ; more attention to the feudal moral principles ; highlighting the historic and general knowledge ; integrated with the imperial examination system, and so on.