王士祯诗学的“救弊”思想内核

The Kernel of "Remedies" in Wang Shi-zhen's Poems

中国文学史上大凡一代文宗,总要表现出一种"救弊"的气魄和作为。王士祯正是以"神韵说"作为"救弊"的旗帜和神器,来"救"时风的"轻浮"和"虚空",即以王孟之神韵来"救"诗歌的写实品格,"救"以文为诗的直露而质木的崇宋诗风。"神韵说"是中国古代诗学的集大成产物,鼓倡含蓄空灵,超脱玄远,追求幽静淡泊的诗美,要求诗歌应有高妙的意境和天然的韵致。王士祯以"神韵"来"救弊"的思想,具有强烈的诗教功利的色彩。他对最能体现盛唐精神的诗风的欣赏和推崇,实际上就是要通过矫正一个时代的诗风,来改变一个时代的审美接受,以体现盛世的阅读需求和诗学主张。

Wang Shi-zhen＇s concept of applying verve as remedies in composing poems is shed with a flavor of utilizing poems as educational devices. However, the aesthetic orientation of remedies is high above the intention of utilizing poems as educational devices. There are two purposes of Wang Yu-yang＇s remedies on ills of then times： firstly, to follow Tang Dynasty＇s example of pursuing gorgeous in poems; secondly, to follow Song Dynasty＇s example of pursing knowledge in poem writing. Wang Yu-yang＇s intention complied with the interests of then peaceful society, and he meant to change the aesthetic pursuits of that time, change the tradition of utilizing poems as educational devices, and change the style of poem composing.