吉登斯对于民族国家的新思考

Giddens’ New Thoughts on Nation-State

本文从辩证的视角出发,从公民权利、国家主权和民族主义三个维度考察吉登斯对于民族国家的思考:民族国家的多元政治以公民权利为前提,但多元政治的发展又形成了民族国家强大的政治监控能力,政治监控反过来对公民权利造成损害;民族国家建立在主权独立和平等的基础上,在世界民族国家体系中,主权的安全以发展最先进的军事暴力为前提,但军事暴力反过来又成为危及民族国家和人类生存的最危险力量;在民族主义与民族国家的关系方面,民族国家塑造了不同性质的民族主义,但民族主义又是挑战民族国家一体化的最持久力量。

From a dialectic viewpoint, this article analyzes Anthony Giddens＇ thoughts on nation-state in the dimensions of citizenship, sovereignty and nationalism. Nation-state＇s polyarchy is based on civil rights, but it is also equipped with strong political surveillance ability which impairs civil rights. The independence and equality of sovereignty is essential to the existence of the nation-state, but in the present-day world, sovereign security requires military might which, when abused, can pose serious threats to the existence of the nation-states and the humankind as a whole. Nation-state is instrumental in shaping nationalism, conversely, nationalism becomes a lasting disintegrating force that challenges the nation-state.