云南省文山州边远山区村民麻风病健康知识调查

Investigation of the Leprosy Knowledge among the Residents of the Remote Mountain Village of Wenshan,Yunnan

目的了解云南省麻风病高发区村民对麻风病健康知识了解的状况,探讨麻风病健康教育的最佳和可行的教育模式。方法采用到村庄集中村民现场随机抽样、现场问卷的调查方法,运用SPSS软件进行统计分析。结果在收到的155份有效问卷中,知道麻风病者99%(153/155);74%(114/155)对麻风病恐惧;认为麻风病是可治之症占92%(143/155);了解麻风病临床症状的为95%(148/155),但了解麻风病早期症状者较少。获取麻风病知识的途径主要为听医生介绍,按年龄组分析(根据年龄分为4组):5～14岁年龄组中81%主要通过广播获取麻风病科普知识;随着年龄的增长,通过接触病人了解该病的比率增多,在大于55岁年龄组中达到32%;而最惧怕麻风病的是最低年龄组,提示曾接触过病人的村民对麻风病的恐惧心理降低。结论在麻风病高发区村民对该病存在恐惧和歧视心理,向村民提供麻风病健康教育普及、咨询和服务,提高当地医务工作人员的麻风病知识水平,是早期发现病人、消除歧视和恐惧心理的关键,。

Objective To understand the leprosy knowledge among the villagers of Wenshan where having high incidence of leprosy, and to investigate the situation of leprosy health education and to find the best possible education mode. Method Questionnaire survey was conducted on randomly selected villagers and the data was analyzed by statistic software. Result 155 valid questionnaires were collected. Among the 155 individuals, 99% （153/155） know about leprosy, 74% （114/155） fear of leprosy, 92% （143/155） agree that leprosy is a curable disease, and 95% （148/155） know about the clinical symptom of leprosy, but not many people know the early symptom of the disease. The major route to acquire the knowledge is from doctors. 81% of the individuals in 5～14 age group acquired the knowledge from public announcement. With the increase in age, more individuals acquired knowledge through the contact of leprosy patients. 32% of the people in 〉55 age group acquired the knowledge through this route. The youngest age group is the most fear of leprosy. This indicated that people are less fear of the disease after contacted with the patients when they get older. Conclusion In the areas with high incident rate of leprosy, villagers are fear of the disease and discriminate the patients. Health education and consultation should be provided to the public. Improve the leprosy knowledge among the medical workers is important for early diagnosis of the disease and elimination of fear and discrimination.