不同嫁接时期和方法对速成桃苗生长的影响

Effect of 2 Kinds of Bud Grafting Methods on the Breeding of Fast-growing Peach Seedlings

[目的]探讨影响速成桃苗成活率、出圃率和苗木生长的因素。[方法]采用“T”字形芽接和带木质部嵌芽接在3个时期进行毛桃嫁接试验,研究不同嫁接方法和时间对嫁接成活率、砧木和接穗利用率以及苗木当年出圃率的影响。[结果]嫁接20 d后“T”字形芽接成活率高于带木质部嵌芽接。6月6日~16日嫁接的苗木成活率较高。带木质部嵌芽接的砧木与接穗利用率高于“T”字形芽接的,并随嫁接时间的推迟而逐渐提高。“T”字形芽接法的砧木和接穗利用率前期低,后期高。“T”字形芽接法的成苗率和一级率均较高,而苗圃单位面积的成苗株数和一级苗株数以带木质部嵌芽接法多。[结论]该研究为生产上大量、快速繁育苗木提供了科学依据。

The aim of the research was to discuss the factors that affected the survival rate of peach seedling,the percentage of seedling-selling and seedling growth.T-shaped budding and shield bud grafting with wood were used for peach grafting experiment at 3 stages.The effects of grafting methods and time on survival rate of grafting,the utilization rate of rootstock and scions,and the lifting rate of seedling in the current year were studied.After grafting for 20 d,the survival rate of seedling with T-shaped budding was higher than that of shield bud grafting with wood.The survival rate of seedling grafted in June 6th～16th was higher.The utilization rate of rootstock and scions with shield bud grafting with wood were higher than that with T-shaped budding and increased gradually with the delay of grafting time.The utilization rate of rootstock and scions with T-shaped budding were low in early stage and higher in late stage.The seedling rate and first-grade rate with T-shaped budding were higher.Shield bud grafting with wood had more seedling number and the number of first-grade seedling per unit area in nursery.The research provided scientific basis for mass and rapid breeding of seedlings in the production.