高原退化湿地纳帕海植物功能群组成及多样性

COMPOSITION OF PLANT FUNCTIONAL GROUP AND SPECIES DIVERSITY IN DEGRADED PLATEAU WETLAND OF NAPAHAI IN NORTHWESTERN YUNNAN,CHINA

对滇西北人为干扰下高原退化湿地纳帕海不同演替阶段沼泽体植物功能群组成及物种多样性特征的研究表明：随着原生沼泽、沼泽化草甸向草甸、垦后湿地的逆行演替，天然植物群落组成物种数增多、伴生种增加，群落优势种优势度下降，群落总盖度呈增加趋势，群落结构变得复杂，而在垦后湿地为人为生产活动主导下的人工栽培植物。植物的水分生态型功能群组成随湿地的逆行演替，水生、湿生类植物功能群的优势度不断减少，中生、旱生类植物功能群的优势度逐步增加，而在垦后湿地只有农作物；植物生活型功能群组成随湿地的逆行演替，水生草本迅速减少，陆生多年生草本增加占据优势，而在垦后湿地均为一年生草本；湿地植物物种丰富度、多样性指数由原生沼泽、沼泽化草甸到草甸依次增加，草甸为最大值，而垦后湿地则最低。纳帕海植物功能群组成及多样性特征是对人为干扰下适应湿地环境变化的响应，标志着湿地生态系统结构改变和功能的不断丧失。

The plant functional group composition and species diversity in different succession stage at degraded plateau wetland of Napahai were studied. The results showed that as the succession from primary swamp to swampy meadow,to meadow, and to reclaimed wetland, the compositive species of natural plant community including accompanying species increased, while the occurrence of dominant plant species reduced,which makes the community structure complex. With the deflected succession of aquatic ecotype plant functional group, the dominance of mesophytes and xerophytes increased, while the dominance of aquatic and hygric plants decreased. However, there are only planting crops in the reclaimed wetland. In the composition of plant biotype functional group,the hydrophytes reduced quickly with the deflected succession and the dominance of perennial herbs is mostly marked,and there are only annual herbs in reclaimed wetland. Compared with primary swamp, the species diversity index （richness and diversity index） of meadow is the highest,the swampy meadow follows,and the reclaimed wetland is the lowest. It was clearly showed that the characteristics of plant functional group compositions and species diversities in Napahai Wetland are a respondance of wetland environment changes under human disturbances,which indicates the changing of wetland ecosystem and losing of wetland functions.