客运专线隧道空气动力学实车测试技术的研究与应用

Research and application of testing technology of aerodynamics at train-tunnel entry on special passenger railway lines

研究客运专线列车高速通过隧道时诱发的空气动力效应的实车测试技术。针对实车测试工作要求,提出采用PC-DAQ结构作为测试系统基本结构,以传感器、数据采集卡和PC机构成系统硬件平台,用虚拟仪器技术设计系统软件,设计和实现遂渝线隧道空气动力学实车测试系统。通过分析实车测试工况下车体表面压力波的数值计算结果,估计被测空气压力波的频率范围,确定测试系统合理采样频率可设置为300~500 Hz。在遂渝线200 km/h提速综合试验中的应用结果表明,该测试系统能够满足客运专线隧道空气动力学实车测试的需要,检测方法灵活、快速,测试结果准确、可靠;时速200 km动车组经过松林堡隧道时,产生的空气压力波具有的最高频率低于100 Hz。

The testing technology of aerodynamic effects occurring when train travels at high speed in tunnels on special passenger railway lines was studied. According to the requirements of full scale test, PC-DAQ structure was adopted. The hardware platform of test system consists of pressure sensors, data acquisition board and PC, its software was designed by using virtual instrument technique. An aerodynamic test system of real train passing through tunnels was designed. The air pressure wave on the surface of train body in full-scale-test working state was calculated by numerical simulation computing, the frequency range of air pressure wave was estimated, and as a conclusion, the reasonable sampling frequency can be set in the range from 300 to 500 Hz. The application of this test system in the comprehensive experiment of 200 km/h train on Suining-Chongqing railway line shows that the aerodynamic test system can meet the practical requirements of full-scale test on special passenger railway lines. The measuring method is flexible and fast, and the results are accurate and reliable. The maximal frequency of the air pressure wave caused by trains passing through Songlinpu tunnel at a speed of 200 km/s is less than 100 Hz.