应用手工化测试研究机动车尾气污染对儿童神经行为功能的影响

Effects of traffic exhausts on children's neurobehavioral functions scored by neurobehavioral evaluation methods in Quanzhou,Fujian province

目的采用手工化神经行为功能测试初步探讨低水平机动车尾气暴露对儿童神经行为功能的影响。方法根据环境监测数据和道路机动车流量,在福建省泉州市某区选择机动车尾气污染程度不同的2所小学作为研究现场。以调查学校二、三年级所有学生为研究对象,进行问卷调查和神经行为功能测试,最后选择在当地居住时间≥3年、测试时健康状况良好的861名儿童进行分析。结果2所学校瑞文测试得分基本相同;学校B划消测试得分低于学校A,但是差异无统计学意义(P=0.071);ANOVA显示学校B儿童的数字符号、目标瞄准追踪、符号记入、连接数字测试的得分显著低于学校A(P<0.001)。在控制其他因素后,位于机动车尾气污染严重地区的学校B儿童的数字符号、目标瞄准追踪、符号记入、连接数字测试的得分比低暴露的学校A的儿童分别低2.9、11.5、5.6和1.6分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论长期低水平机动车尾气暴露对儿童的神经行为功能有不良影响。

Objective To explore the effects of traffic exhausts on children＇s neurobehavioral functions. Methods A field study was conducted in Quanzhou,Fujian province where two primary schools were chosen based on the numbers of automobiles passing by, and the data of ambient air pollutants from the monitoring system. School B and School A located at the high traffic exhausts pollution area and the clear area, respectively. Neurobehavioral functions of pupils in grade 2 and 3 were scored. Results School B had very similar score of Ruiwen Test with School A, while the score of Digit Eras Test was lower than that in School A with marginal significance. The scores of Digit Symbol, Aim Tracing, Sign Register and Cormect Number test were 38.5 ± 9.96,84.3 ± 27.83,37.4 ±11.62 and 17.1± 5.88 in School B, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in School A （41.6 ± 12.97,95.5 ± 35.80,42.3 ± 15.58 and 18.7 ± 5.78） respectively. Scores in Digit Symbol, Aim Tracing, Sign Register and Cormect Number of pupils in School B were 2.9, 11.5,5.6 and 1.6 lower than those in School A after adjusting on other confounding factors. Conclusion It was suggested that traffic exhausts might cause damage to children＇ s neurobehavioral functions.