湿地调节气候生态服务价值的估算——以新疆艾比湖湿地为例

Research on the Eco-Service Value of Modulating Climate in the Case of the Ebinur Lake Wetland in Xinjiang

湿地自由水面巨大的水汽蒸发及其茂密植被的水汽蒸腾使得湿地具有增湿调温的重要生态功能。位于干旱区的湿地,其调节气候生态服务功能尤为明显。通过查阅相关文献资料,先计算出研究区生态系统净初级生产量(干重),结合该地区植物生产的蒸腾系数,测算出该区域生态系统年水汽蒸腾量为8498.78×104m3;艾比湖的水汽蒸发以维持557.5km2的湖面为基准,年蒸发量约为6×108m3。围绕水汽蒸发是生态系统调节气候功能的主要物质因素,参照Costanza的研究结果,结合研究区实际辅以一定的修正指标,求得艾比湖湿地调节气候生态服务的年价值为97788.86×104元,占其总生态服务价值的31.9%,高居研究区各项生态价值之首。充分说明,湿地增湿调温的生态服务在极端干旱区的重要性。

Wetland, due to its evaporation of lake water and transpiration of plants, possesses the important ecological function of increasing air humidity and modulating temperature. With the help of literatures, the net primary productivity （dehydrated weight） of eco-system in research area can be calculated. Combined with the evaporation coefficient of the local production of plants, the annual amount of evaporation reaches 8 498.78 × 10^4m^3. The control of evaporation is to maintain the area of the Ebinur Lake above 557.5km^2 and the annual evaporation at the amount of 6 × 10^8m^3. With the consideration of the evaporation that is a main factor of modulating climate function in eco-system, Costanza＇s research and the current state of the research area with certain rectification norms, the annual value achieved by eco-service of climate modulation on the Ebinur Lake wetland is 97 788.86 × 10^4RMB, taking up 31.9% of total value of eco-service which tops all the eco-values in the research area. This paper fully displays the significance of eco-service of humidification and temperature adjustment in dry areas.