新工伤标准引发的法律问题思考

Study on Legal Questions Caused by New Standard for Work-related Injuries.

2006年11月2日颁布、2007年5月1日实施的《劳动能力鉴定职工工伤与职业病致残等级(GB/T16180-2006)》标准,简称《新工伤标准》,是作为《工伤保险条例》配套的医学鉴定标准制订的,重在解决职工因公致残、致病中的医学问题。由于现阶段我国普通伤害案件处理中,人体伤残标准的缺位,使得《新工伤标准》成为了此类案件的补位标准。但是,职工工伤伤残的赔偿与普通伤害案件伤残的赔偿在计算方法上存在根本性的差异,使得《新工伤标准》在普通伤害案件的适用上引发了一系列司法问题:包括(1)《新工伤标准》较前更为宽泛,引发了赔偿数目的显著增加;(2)《新工伤标准》出台了的一些新的鉴定原则,颠覆了既往的司法鉴定理念,将引发司法实务中标准竞合问题、以及司法鉴定理念矛盾的问题;等等。针对目前突出的法律问题,本为作者认为:解决的途径有二:1)统一目前国家赔偿体系,并统一残疾评定标准,做到同种损伤同种赔偿。2)积极制订适用于普通伤害的残疾评定标准,做到每一赔偿体系中,均存在与其相适应的医学鉴定标准,以避免因鉴定标准的不同引发司法不公。两种途径相比较,前者运作更为困难,而后者相对容易。

The new standard for work-related injuries assessment, Appraisal of Workability, Assessment and Gradation of Disability Caused by Work-related Injuries and Occupational Diseases （＂New Standard＂） was released on November 2, 2005 and implemented on May 1, 2006. As a collateral medical standard for Work-related Injury Insurances Regulation （＂WIIR＂）, New Standard, due to the absence of general disability assessment standard, also plays an important role in normal injury cases. As for the compensation computing system, there is huge difference between WIIR cases and normal injury cases, which accordingly caused some legal questions. The author thinks that we need to prepare specific standards for assessing disability of normal injury cases to resolve the resulted conflict.