机插水稻产量形成规律及高产群体质量指标技术研究

Study on Quality Index and Cultivation Approach of High-yield Population in Machine-transplanted Rice

[目的]探讨机插稻高产栽培的配套技术。[方法]通过不同基本苗和不同施氮量的互作试验,研究机插稻产量形成规律及高产群体质量指标。[结果]随着基本苗的增加,产量呈先增后减趋势,基本苗为135万株/hm2时产量最高,为9553.5kg/hm2;纯氮量为345 kg/hm2时产量最高,为9 760.5 kg/hm2;互作试验表明,基本苗135万株/hm2、纯氮量345 kg/hm2时水稻各生育期的叶面积指数和干物质积累量均较高,群体较合理,产量最高,为9 796.5 kg/hm2;随着基本苗的增加,高峰苗、有效穗逐渐增加,而成穗率、每穗粒数呈下降趋势;随着氮肥用量的增加,高峰苗、有效穗随之增加,但成穗率、每穗粒数、千粒重均呈先升后降的趋势。[结论]机插稻以基本苗135万株/hm2、纯氮量345 kg/hm2左右较为适宜。

[Objective] The aim of the research was to discuss the matching technology for high -yield cultivation of machine-transplanted rice. [Method] Based on an experiment on the interaction of different basic seedlings and different application amount of nitrogen, the yield formation laws of machine -transplanted rice and the quality indices of high -yield population were studied, [Result] The yield showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of basic seedlings. The yield was highest and reached 9 553.5 kg/hm^2 when basic seedlings were 135× 10^4 plants/hm^2 .When pure N amount was 345 kg/hm^2, the yield was highest （9 760.5 kg/hm^2 ）. The interaction experiment showed that when basic seedlings was 135×10^4 plants/hm^2 and pure N amount was 345 kg/hm^2, leaf area index and dry matter accumulation of rice in all growth stages were all higher, the population was reasonable and the yield was highest （9 796.5 kg/hm^2）. With the increase of basic seedlings, peak seedlings and effective spikes were gradually increased, and spike-bearing rate and grains per spike showed a decline trend. With the increment of N fertilizer application amount, peak seedlings and effective spikes were increased, but spike -bearing rate, grains per spike and 1 000 -grain weight showed trend of first increasing and then decreasing. [Conclusion] Machine-transplanted rice with basic seedlings of 135×10^4 plants/hm^2 and pure N amount of about 345 kg/hm^2 were more suitable.