半夏高效栽培中沼渣·N·P·K平衡施用数学模型研究

Research on Mathematical Model for Biogas Residue,N,P and K Balanced Application in High-effective Cultivation of Pinellia Ternate

[目的]研究半夏高产高效栽培施肥模型,为科学利用沼渣、沼液,保护环境提供理论依据。[方法]采用二次回归旋转组合设计,研究了在中等肥力土地上,施用沼渣、N、P、K对半夏产量和经济效益的影响,建立相应的回归方程,提出了2套半夏高产高效栽培施肥模型。[结果]2套半夏高产高效栽培施肥模型为:产投比高于3.8,纯收入高于18万元/hm2时,施用沼渣肥23 955.50～40 917.62 kg/hm2,尿素153.66～312.39 kg/hm2,普钙2 757.24～3 812.85 kg/hm2,硫酸钾162.00～664.80 kg/hm2;产投比高于4.0,纯收入高于18万元/hm2时,施用沼渣肥21 275.16～43 917.99 kg/hm2,尿素260.91～334.23 kg/hm2,普钙2 514.15～3 822.84 kg/hm2,硫酸钾111.60～742.80 kg/hm2。[结论]通过该试验建立的成本、产投比、纯收入与沼渣、N、P、K施用量间关系的数学模型,完全符合半夏的生长发育规律,可以用于生产实践。

[Objective] The aim was to study the cultivation and fertilization model for high yield and high efficiency of Pinellia ternate so as to provide theoretical basis for scientifically utilizing biogas residue and fluid and protecting environment, [Method] The influences of applying biogas residue, N, P and K on the yield and economic efficiency of P, ternate in middle fertility fields were studied by the combination design using quadratic regression rotation. The corresponding regression equation was set up and 2 sets of the cultivation and fertilization model for high yield and efficiency of P. ternate were put forward, [Result] The 2 sets of model were as follows： if the ratio of output to input and net income reached more than 4 and 180 000 yuan/hm^2, the biogas pit residue at 23 955,495-40 917,615 kg/hm^2, urea at 153.66-312.39 kg/hm^2, calcium superphosphate at 2 757.24-3 812,85 kg/hm^2 and potassium sulphate at 162.00-664.80 kg/hm^2 should be applied; if the ratio of output to input and net income reached more than 3.8 and 180 000 yuan/hm^2, the biogas pit residue at 21 275.16-43 917.99 kg/hm^2, urea at 260.91-334.23 kg/ hm^2, calcium superphosphate at 2 514.15-3 822.84 kg/hm^2 and potassium sulphate at 111.60-742.80 kg/hm^2 should be applied. [Conclusion] The mathematical models of the relationships between cost, ratio of output to input, net income and biogas residue, N, P and K application rate set up through the experiment accorded with the growth and development law ofP. ternate, and could be used in production practice.