“曲始于胡元”文化论

The Cultral Perspective on Zaju' Originating from Mongolian Yuan Dynasty

元代来自北方大漠的蒙古人南下中原,从而使草原游牧文化与中原农耕文化产生了撞击,在这种文化的碰撞中,两种文化逐渐由互相冲突走向融合,使以汉族文人为主体的元杂剧作者的思想观念发生了巨大的变化。由于民族和地域的差异,以蒙古族文化为代表的草原游牧文化和以汉族文化为代表的中原农耕文化,具有不同的民族地域和民族性格特点。蒙古族入主中原,一方面必然使两种文化互相冲突,另一方面也必然使之互相影响,在某些方面最后甚至互相融合。元杂剧的繁荣不是中国传统文化发展的产物,恰恰是在传统文化猝然断裂的缝隙间茁壮而出的,所以,在它的身上明显带有蒙元文化的胎记。

At the beginning of Yuan Dynasty, Mongolians from the Northern Grassland went down to the Central Plains, which made collision between Grassland nomadism culture and Central Plains farming culture. In the process, the two cultures in- tegrated gradually. As a result, the Zaju （Yuan - Dynasty Drama） writers who were mainly Han nationality changed greatly in their notions. Due to the difference of nationality and region, nomadism culture and farming culture represented respectively by Mongolian culture and Han culture have distinct features of nationality regions and nationality characters. The Mongolian rule of the Central Plains definitely makes the cultural conflicts. Meanwhile, it causes the cultural interaction and even has cultural inte- gration in some aspects consequently. The prosperity of the Zaju is not the China traditional product but develops in the gap of tra- ditional culture sudden pause. Therefore, it itself has obvious birthmark of Mongolian and Yuan culture.