两种UASB-厌氧氨氧化反应器启动和运行特征对比

Comparative study of experimental start-up and operation in two UASB-ANAMMOX reactors

采用两套有效容积为3.2L的UASB反应器,以含NH4+-N和NO2--N的模拟废水为进水,对ANAMMOX反应过程的启动及运行期间的特征进行对比研究。试验结果表明:1号反应器的NH4+-N和NO2--N的去除率分别达到99.7%和99.9%需要220d;而2号反应器的NH4+-N和NO2--N的去除率分别达到99.8%和99.9%只需要150d;1号反应器的出水在第220～300d的平均三氮比即去除的NH4+-N:去除的NO2--N∶生成的NO3--N=1:1.16:0.15,2号反应器的出水在第150～300d的平均三氮比为1:1.28:0.15;两台反应器的pH值先后都存在特征性变化,在稳定阶段反应器内活性污泥都由接种时的黑褐色转化为黄棕色颗粒污泥,随试验时间的延长同样的负荷变化都对反应器的冲击越来越小;具有生物膜的2号反应器在提高ANAMMOX细菌的固定化、减少菌种的流失等方面具有较大优势。

The start-up and operational features of anaerobic ammonium oxidation （ANAMMOX） process were investigated comparatively in two 3.2 L upflow anaerobic sludge blanket （UASB） reactors, which both were fed with artificial waste-water composed of NH4^＋-N and NO2^--N at a proper ratio. The results showed that the removal efficiencies of NH4^＋-N and NO2^--N were 99.7% and 99.9%, respectively, in the No. 1 reactor after 220 days; while the removal efficieneies of NH4^＋-N and NO2^--N reached 99. 8% and 99.9%, respectively, in the No. 2 reactor only after 150 days. The average ratio of removed NH4^＋-N, removed NO2^--N and generated NO3^--N was 1 ： 1.16 ： 0.15 at the stable phase in the No. 1 reactor, while it was 1 ： 1.28 ： 0.15 at the stable phase in the No. 2 reactor. The pH value had characteristic change in both reactors. The black activated sludge changed to yellow granular sludge in both reactors gradually. With the extension of time, the shock resistance of volume load was growing stronger and stronger in both reactors. Furthermore, UASB-ANAMMOX reactor with biofilm had the advantage of bacterial immobilization and keeping bacterial amount.