维吾尔族2型糖尿病患者膳食摄入现况调查

Investigation of the status of dietary intake in Uygur patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

目的了解新疆维吾尔族糖尿病患者膳食摄入现况,为改善糖尿病患者的膳食营养状况,进行饮食教育工作提供科学依据。方法采用食物频率调查法、24h膳食回顾法及食物称重法对1049名乌鲁木齐市及喀什市、乡、镇维吾尔族中老年人群进行膳食调查研究,所得数据利用有关的营养计算软件进行分析处理。结果维吾尔族2型糖尿病患者膳食习惯行为欠佳、膳食摄入模式不合理,营养素比例失调,油脂类、蛋白类、肉类摄入量增加,谷类、蔬菜、豆类摄入量较少;肥胖、劳动强度、年龄、膳食纤维、总热能等因素为本次调查维吾尔族2型糖尿病膳食环境的影响因素。结论维吾尔族2型糖尿病患者营养教育缺乏和营养比例不平衡问题并存,膳食结构不合理。应针对缺乏合理膳食营养和不良行为习惯等问题,加强营养教育,促进营养干预。

Objective To investigate the status of dietary intake of Uygur patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Xinjiang and improve their alimentary status and quality of life, Methods The Food Frequency Questionnaires and 24-hours recalls were adopted and food weight was investigated in 1049 middle and old-aged Uygur persons in Urumchi, Kaski city and near- by countryside, and the data was analyzed by relative nutritious calculate softwares. Result The dietary habit and pattern for Uygur patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus were unreasonable.The nutrition ratios were imbalance including intake of more fat, protein and meat; less cereal, vegetable, bean and fruit. The BMI, labor intensity, age, dietary fiber and calorie are influential factors of diet of Uygur patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Conclusions The problems of nutrition imbalance, unreasonable dietary structure and scarity nutrition education were found in Uygur patients with type 2 diabetes. We must strengthen nutrition education and promote nutrition intervention of Uygur patients.