深圳市4～10岁儿童气质特征及类型分布研究

Temperament traits of children aged 4～10 years in Shenzhen

【目的】探讨深圳市盐田区4～10岁儿童气质特点和类型分布,为改善儿童心理行为问题提供理论依据。【方法】采用随机整群抽样的方法,抽取深圳市盐田区1139名4～10岁儿童为研究对象,应用中国3～7岁儿童气质量表(Chinese Preschool Children Temperament Scale,CPTS)、中国8～12岁儿童气质量表(Chinese School Children Tem-perament Scale,CSTS)以及自制的儿童基本情况调查表,进行气质测查和基本情况调查。【结果】①1139例4～10岁儿童的气质类型为平易型占45.7%,中间偏易型占27.1%,麻烦型占5.4%,中间偏烦型占12.6%,发动缓慢型占9.2%。②男童与女童相比平易型的比例明显降低(P<0.01),而麻烦型的比例则明显增高(P<0.05);低年龄组儿童麻烦型的比例明显高于高年龄组(P<0.01);常住户籍儿童中平易型的比例高于流动儿童(P<0.05)。③男女童在活动水平、适应性和节律性三个气质维度上差异有显著性(P<0.01或<0.05)。④不同年龄组儿童在活动水平、节律性、趋避性和注意分散度上差异有显著性(P<0.01或<0.05)。结论深圳市盐田区4～10岁儿童的主要气质类型是平易型;部分气质维度在不同性别和年龄间存在差异。

[Objective] To explore the temperament traits of children aged 4-10 years in Shenzhen, [Methods] 1 139 children of 4- 10 years old were selected in Yantian,Shenzhen by random cluster sampling,and investigated with the questionnaire of Chinese Preschool Children Temperament Scale（CPTS）, Chinese School Children Temperament Scale （CSTS） and self questionnaire of basic condition. [Results] （1）In 1139 children,Easy（E） type was 45.7%, Intermediate-low（I-E） 27.1 %, Difficult（D） 5.4%, Intermediate-hlgh（I-D） 12.6%, Slow-to-warm up（S） 9.2%. （2） The ratio of E type was lower,and the ratio of D type was higher in boy than girl（P〈7.0.01 ,or〈0.05） ; the ratio of D type was higher in low age group than high age group（P〈0.01）. The ratio of E type was higher in population of residence booklet than flowing（P〈0.05）. （3）Activity level, adaptability and rhythmicity were significantly differences between male and female（P〈 0.01 or 〈0.05）. （4） Activity level, rhythmicity, approach-withdrawal, attention span were significantly differences among different of age group（P〈0.01 or 〈 0.05）. [Conclusions] The E type are the main temperament traits of the children aged 4-10 years in Shenzhen. Some of the temperament dimension are variant in different age and gender.