金属矿床深部找矿中的地质研究

Geological study in search of metallic ore deposits at depth

笔者根据近几年来从事全国重要矿产资源危机矿山接替资源勘查工作并结合深部找矿的实践,探讨了深部找矿的理论和方法。笔者认为地质研究,物探、化探技术应用,钻掘工程施工是深部找矿三项基本要素。地质研究是基础条件,物探、化探是技术支撑条件,钻掘探矿工程是实现条件,构成基本技术路线。全面论述了地质作用特征研究、矿田构造研究、成矿作用标志研究三项重点内容。成矿作用相关的地质作用特征研究是确定找矿思路的基础工作,包括沉积成矿地质作用、岩浆成矿地质作用、火山成矿地质作用、变质成矿地质作用,以及综合成矿地质作用研究等内容。矿田构造研究提出了沉积构造体系、火山构造体系、侵入构造体系、断裂构造体系、褶皱构造体系、复合构造体系、成矿后构造的划分方案及研究内容,及其在深部找矿中的应用。成矿作用标志研究包括成矿特征标志研究及成矿流体物理化学条件标志研究,提出了成矿热液地球化学障理论依据及研究方法及其在深部找矿中的应用。

The paper discusses the methods and theories of mineral search at depth on the basis of the experience obtained by the authors in exploration of succession mineral resources in crisis-facing mines of important mineral resources in China and the practice of mineral search at depth in recent years. The authors think that geological research, applications of geophysical and geochemical exploration techniques and drilling and tunneling are three basic factors of mineral search at depth. Geological research is the basic condition, geophysical and chemical prospecting is the technical support condition and drilling and tunneling is the condition for realization. They constitute the basic technical hne. The paper discusses in an all-round way the studies of the characteristics of geological processes, ore field structure and indications for ore-forming processes. The study of the characteristics of geological processes related to ore-forming processes is basic work for determining the idea of mineral search. These geological processes include deposition, magmatism, volcanism, metamorphism and integrated ore-forming geological processes. The study of ore field structure puts forward the sedimentary structure system, volcanic structure system, intrusive structure system, fault structure system, fold structure system, compound structure system and post-ore structure system, as well as their applications in mineral search at depth. The study of indications of ore-formation processes includes studies of the indications of ore-forming characteristics and indications of physical-chemical conditions of ore fluids. The authors also put forward the theoretical basis of geochemical barriers to ore hydrothermal fluids and their research methods and application in search of mineral resources at depth.