神东矿区生态环境综合防治体系构建及其效果

Construction and benefits of integrated measures system for environment conservation in Shengdong Diggings

神东矿区地处毛乌素沙地,具有水资源短缺、生态环境极其脆弱的自然特征。针对神东煤矿土地沙化防治与水土流失治理、地表生态系统优化与开发、煤炭开采中水资源保护与净化、煤矸石减排与利用、煤层自燃预防等问题开展研究,探索采用生态上合理、经济上可行和社会可接受的煤炭资源开发、植被恢复、矸石热能利用等综合技术体系。在煤炭资源开发经济效益不断增长的同时,矿区植被覆盖率由开发前的3%-11%提高到目前的59.4%,矿区风沙危害得到明显扼制,平均侵蚀模数由开发前的1万t/（km^2·a）左右降低到目前的1 500 t/（km^2·a）左右。矿井水重复使用量为496万t/a,吨煤出矸石率由20%降低到5%,年均发电消耗矸石800万t,发电43.6亿kW·h。

Shengdong Diggings is located in Maowusu Sandland area, the water resource of which is very short and the environment is degrated seriously. According to the problems such as soil erosion and desertification, water resource protection and environment restoration etc, Shengdong Diggings, as the biggest public colliery in china, has used comprehensive technological system to coal resource development, vegetation restoration, heat energy use of coal gangue and so on. The system is appropriate in ecological, economical, and social benefits. The economic benefit of coal resource development increased continually. Meanwhile, the vegetation coverage was improved from 3 % - 11% to 59.4% and the average erosion modulus was decreased about from 10 000 t/ （ km^2·a） to 1 500 t/（ km^2·a）. Therefore desertification in diggings area had been controlled distinctly. The annual repeated amount of mines＇ water is 4 960 000 t/a ; coal gangue product rate of a ton coal was reduced from 20% to 5%. The consumed amount of coal gangue for electric power reached 8 million ton every year, and the electric power generated 43.6 hundreds million kW·h.