大空间卷烟制丝车间烟气控制性能化设计

A performance-based design on smoke control in a large space primary of cigarette processing workshop

为分析某大空间卷烟制丝车间（长203．9m，宽72m，高16．7m）防排烟设计效果，对其典型可燃物进行实体火灾实验，得到其热释放速率为41．1～98．0kW／m^2，确定其火灾模型为慢速发展的t^2火．然后用性能化消防设计的方法、运用FDS火灾模拟软件对其进行数值模拟，结果显示在不同火灾场景下火灾发展到2400s时车间2m高度以下烟气温度、CO浓度均能满足人员生命安全的性能指标，而能见度指标在2000s之后低于10m．多台风机同时排烟是导致烟气较快弥漫的主要因素，高大空间工业建筑设计机械排烟系统时宜划分防烟分区，并考虑分时段分区域启动，划分防烟分区的挡烟垂壁高度不宜小于0．7m．

A series of real fire tests for typical combustible objects were carried out to investigate the effects of smoke pre- vention and extraction design in a large space primary processing cigarette workshop, 203.9 m long, 72 m wide and 16.7 m high. Fire tests show that the heat release rate in the workshop is 41.1～98. 0 kW/m^2 and develops as a slow t^2 fire. FDS was used to simulate the fire development in the workshop according to the fire performance-based design. Simulation results prove that both the index of smoke temperature and CO concentration below 2 m＇s high in the workshop is safe for human for2400 seconds in each fire scenario, but the index of visibility is lower than 10 m when fires developed to 2000 seconds. The main reason for the smoke spreading more fast is that more than one fan evacuates the smoke at the same time. It is necessary for mechanical smoke extraction design in a large space building to divide smoke bays and to start fanning in different time segments. The height of smoke screens, separating smoke bays, is greater than 0.7 m.