上海某区宾馆冷却水军团菌污染现况调查及其影响因素探讨

Investigation on Legionella Contamination of Cooling Water in Hotels and Its Influencing Factors

[目的]掌握宾馆冷却水军团菌污染现况及其影响因素。[方法]抽取21家宾馆,于2005年8～10月份每月一次采集冷却水进行军团菌的定性检测,选取其中的4家干2005年6～10月份每月一次采集冷却水进行军团菌的定量检测;并就冷却塔的工作环境及冷却水处理状况进行调查;同时,收集上海的地理位置和气象信息。[结果]冷却水阳性率79.0%;血清型以Lp1为主,另检测出Lp9,并发现Lp9分布局限,集中在延安西路和中山西路相交处的宾馆,无其他血清型检出;冷却塔的使用年限对军团菌阳性率没有影响,仅5年之内使用的冷却塔的冷却水军团菌阳性率就已达78.1%,使用再长,阳性率并未增加;冷却塔的工作环境对军团菌生长有利,冷却水处理有化学、物理处理和简单排污3种方式,其中,化学处理为主体,3种处理方式皆对军团菌控制无效。[结论]宾馆冷却水军团菌污染严重,冷却塔的工作环境和冷却水处理方法需要改变。

[ Objective ] To investigate the status of Legionella pollution in cooling water and its influence factors. [ Methods ] Cooling water in 21 hotels were sampled monthly for qualitative analysis of Legionella from August through October, 2005. Cooling water in 4 hotels of the 21 were also sampled monthly for quantitative analysis of Legionella from Junuary through October in 2005. Moreover, treatment of the water and working environment of cooling tower were investigated.,Meanwhile, information about geographic position and meteorological data of Shanghai were collected. [ Results ] Legionella-positive rate in cooling water was 79.0%. Serotype was Lpl or Lp9. Lp9-positive samples were concentrated on the hotels located at the intersection of West Yan＇an road and West Zhongshan road. Furthermore, running time of cooling tower had no obvious effect on the Legionella-positive rate, the Legionella-positive rate reached 78.1% in the cooling towers with less than five years of usage. In addition, the working environment was favorable for the growth of Legionella. In the matter of water treatments, there were 3 ways, namely, chemical, physical and simple drainage, in which chemical was the main way. Unfortunately, none： of them was effective for preventing and controlling Legionella. [ Conclusion ] There were serious Legionella contaminations of cooling water in hotels. Besides, the working environment of cooling tower and the water treatments of cooling water need to be changed.