涵闸取水与无螺取水对钉螺扩散的影响

Influence on oncemelania diffusion in culvert and sluice and oncemelania-free intake device

采用ADV及PIV流场测量技术分别对涵闸水槽和无螺取水装置中的流场结构进行了精细测量,然后运用标准k-ε紊流模型和有限体积法建立的数学模型对2个模型水槽中的流场结构进行计算并得出其三维流场结构,从实验和数值计算两方面对比分析得出了2种装置的水流特性.数值模拟及实验结果表明:无螺取水装置更能有效防止钉螺扩散.最后阐明了单纯涵闸不能起到阻螺的效果,还会引起钉螺在涵闸周围孳生扩散而无螺取水则能有效阻螺的原因,从而为消灭钉螺防止血吸虫病蔓延提供有效的手段.

The study firstly introduces the velocity distribution by acoustic doppler velocimeter （ADV） and particle image velocity （PIV） ; then uses standard k-ε turbulent flow model and finite volume method （FVM） numerical modeling to simulate the 3D flow field structures and lastly demonstrates the effectiveness of preventing oncemelania diffusion through oncemelania-free intake device; the cause why the purpose of holding oncemelania back cannot be achieved only by culvert and sluice; and on the contrary, a little part of oncemelania may breed and diffusion locally by two ways of experiment and numerical simulation. Thus the result can provide an effective method to extinguish oncemelania and schistosomiasis.