干旱区内陆河流域地下水调蓄系统与水资源开发利用模式

Underground water regulation and storage system and water resources exploitation-utilization mode of continental river basins in arid areas

对于解决干旱区内陆河流水资源的调蓄问题,人们已习惯采用"高坝大库"的工程技术方案。通过分析国内外地下水库的建设经验,结合干旱区内陆河流地貌单元、储水构造特征以及水资源转化特点,提出了建设山间凹陷、山前凹陷和深覆盖河谷型等三种地下水库的具体设想及相应的适宜地段,并以此为基础,提出了一种以地下水库调蓄为主,地下水与地表水统一调度的流域水资源开发利用的新模式,以期使水资源的开发利用更加合理、科学、经济。这种新模式是实现干旱区内陆河流域水资源高效利用、合理配置的有益尝试,充分体现了因地制宜、人与自然和谐的治水新理念。

According to the macroeconomy and the supply requirements of water resources in Xinjiang, in this paper the distribution features of water resources and the existing water problems are analyzed from macroscopic, midscale and microcosmic levels, the schemes＇ of rational redistribution of water resources are put forward based on the consideration of sustainable utilization of water resources, and the schemes include the ＂network structure of water resources＂ for north Xinjiang, ＂necklace-shaped structure＂ for south Xinjiang and ＂cluster-shaped structure＂ for east Xinjiang. It is considered that the demands of water resources for modem industrialization construction should be satisfied by developing water-saving farming and effective compensation systems and promoting the agricultural investment for saving water by industry, and only by relying on the consideration of urban-rural harmonious development can the social and economic harmonious development be promoted. Moreover, it is put forward that the annual volume of water consumption for the natural ecology along the river channels out of the oases is about 2.0 × 10^10 m^3, and in the annual water consumption volume of 1.1 × 10^10 m^3 for the ecology out of the farmlands, a part of it can be changed into the water consumption for developing economy by increasing the utilization efficiency of water resources. People are used to taking the projects of ＂large reservoirs with high dams＂ to regulate and store water resources in the continental river basins in arid areas. In this paper, the experience of constructing under- ground reservoirs at home and abroad is analyzed, and the idiographic schemes and the suitable geographical locations are put forward for constructing the underground reservoirs in the intermountain depressions, piedmont depressions and valleys with thick deposit based on the morphologic units, aquifer features and conversion characteristics of water resources in the continental fiver basins in arid areas. On which a new mode of exploitation and utilization of water resources under the unified management of groundwater and surface water, dominated by regulation and storage of underground reservoirs, is put forward so as to more rationally, scientifically and economically exploit and utilize water resources. Such new mode is a beneficial attempt for effective utilization and rational redistribution of water resources in the continental fiver basins in arid areas, and the new concept of adjusting measures to local conditions and human-nature harmonious development is incarnated in management of water resources.