呼伦湖湿地气候变化及其对水环境的影响

The Climate Change and Its Effect on the Water Environment in the Hulun Lake Wetland

利用呼伦湖湿地所在地区的气象站1961—2005年的气温、降水和蒸发量资料及呼伦湖区域1959—2006年的水体面积、水位深度、水质状况等资料,分析了气候变化及其对水环境的影响.结果表明:呼伦湖地区近45 a来的气候变化呈现气温升高、降水减少、蒸发量增大的暖干化趋势,其空间变化具有较好的一致性,地形是影响气候空间变化的主要因子;呼伦湖地区气候暖干化是造成水资源短缺和水环境恶化及周边地区生态环境荒漠化等问题的重要原因;显著的气候暖干化加速了湖水水面积减少、水位下降和水环境恶化.

Records from three meteorological stations were utilized to analyze the climate change and its effect on water environment from 1961 to 2005 in the Hulun Buir wetland. At the same time, using the hydrological data, Hulun Lake water environment was analyzed by regression and contrast methods. Results from simulations have spatially consistency well with climate change tendency; the terrain is a key factor to the climate change. Owing to climate warming and desiccating, shortage of water resources, depravation of water environment and desertification of land around the Hulun Lake take place. These tendencies definitely accelerate water area reducing, water level descending and water environment deteriorating.