不同环境条件下籼型杂交水稻粒形遗传效应的研究

Study on the Genetic Effects of Grain Shape Traits of Brown Rice and Head Rice of indica Materials in Different Environments

采用包括基因型×环境互作效应的种子遗传模型,对不同环境条件下的双列杂交组合粒形性状(谷粒粒形、糙米粒形和整精米粒形)的长、宽、厚及长宽比等性状进行研究.结果表明,籼型杂交水稻粒形除谷粒厚和糙米厚外的粒形性状主要受遗传主效应控制,其中以种子直接加性效应起决定作用,其次是母体基因效应;谷粒厚和糙米厚两性状主要受基因型×环境互作效应的影响,以母体加性×环境互作效应为主.除谷粒厚和糙米厚外的所有粒形性状以普通遗传率为主,谷粒厚和糙米厚以互作遗传率为主;整精米粒形性状受环境的影响相对于谷粒和糙米要小.遗传效应预测值结果表明,缙香1A、缙香2A、缙2A、N45和缙恢34等对改良粒性状有较好的效果,其中以缙香1A对谷粒、糙米和整精米粒形性状改良效果较好,且受环境的影响较小.

By using genetic models including genotype × environment （GE） interaction effects for quality traits of endosperms in cereal crops, the genetic effects of grain shape traits, including grain length （GL）, grain width （GW）, grain thickness （GT）, ratio of length to width of grain （GLW）, brown rice length （BRL）, brown rice width （BRW）, brown rice thickness （BRT）, ratio of length to width of brown rice （BLW）, head rice length （HRL）, head rice width （HRW）, head rice thickness （HRT）, ratio of length to width of head rice （HLW）, of indica rice materials in different environments were analyzed. The results indicated that all shape traits except for GT and BRT were mainly controlled by the genetic main effects, and GT and BRT were mainly influenced by genotype X environment interaction effects. Among the genetic main effects, seed additive effects were the principal components for GL, GW, GLW, BRL, BRW, BLW, HRL, HRL, HRT and HLW. Among genotype× environment （GE） interaction effects, maternal additive × environment interaction was the principal component for GT and BRT, The general heritability was the main part for all shape traits except for GT and BRT. The interaction heritability was more important for GT and BRT. GT and BRT were more influenced by environmental interactive effects, while shape traits of head rice were less influenced than those of the grain and the brown rice. The predicted genetic effects indicated that Jinxiang 1A, Jinxiang 2A, Jin 2A, N45 and Jinhui34 were better parents for impro- ving shape traits. The predicted genetic effects indicated that Jinxiang 1A showed the most stable genetic effects of shape traits in different environments and is, therefore, recommended for shape trait improvement.