黑龙江省西部地区农防林针叶树新品种的引选

Introduction of New Varieties of Farmland Shelter Conifers in West Part of Heilongjiang Province

针对黑龙江省西部半干旱地区农防林树种较为单一的问题,从20世纪60年代开始按照气候相似论及品种同源性理论先后从国内外引进常绿针叶树品种17个,历经40余a定点试验,从生长发育、抗逆性及适宜性等方面进行了长期观测。结果表明:国外引进的10个品种先后3次在6个地点试验,因不能适应该区严寒、干旱的气候条件而在苗期即被淘汰。国内的7个品种中东宁赤松、长白松、兴凯湖松、红松在该区从播种育苗到试验造林获得成功。从生长特性看,其生长速度为兴凯湖松>樟子松≥红松>长白松>东宁赤松;抗逆性上,东宁赤松最弱,其余3个品种与樟子松稍有差异;从生长特性及树种特性上看,兴凯湖松、长白松较适宜作为农防林树种,红松作为农防林则还需进一步驯化。

According to climate similarity theory and theory of breed homology , 17 conifer varieties were introduced from home and abroad in the 20th century 60g. Long-term observation in growth, resistance and adaptability were conducted with 40 years site-directed experiments . The results show that the 10 varieties from abroad have been taken experiments for 3 times in 6 plots and can not adapt to the climatic condition of severe cold and drought. Pinus dertsiflora, Pinus sylvestriformis, Pinus koraiensis and other 4 varieties get success. The order of growing speed is Pinus takabasii 〉 Pinus sylvestris vat. mongolica≥Pinus koraiensis 〉 Pinus sylvestriformis 〉 Pinus densiflora. The resistance of Pinus densiflora is the weakest. The resistance of other 3 varieties shows slight difference with Pinus sylvestrisvar, mongolica. Pinus takabasil and Pinus sylvestriformis are suitable to be farmland sheherbehs species. Pinus koraiensis should be acclimatized to be farmland shelterbelts species.