轨道交通的产学研新模式——麻省理工学院/波多黎各地铁项目简介

New Model for Applied University Research and Professional Development:Tren Urbano Program

波多黎各于20世纪90年代初才开始发展城市轨道交通,但因为善于利用后发优势,通过产学研的结合,充分考虑了地铁工程的多学科特性,走出一条有波多黎各特色的道路,成为美国和国际公共交通领域技术交流的典范。主要介绍了其产学研的项目,它由负责地铁项目的政府主管部门、波多黎各大学和美国麻省理工学院共同组织实施,历经地铁前期规划、修建、调试、运营和政策分析等全部过程,共13年的时间。这种方式提高了工程的质量和施工效率,推动当地轨道交通辅助产业的发展,加快了新技术的应用及研究,培养了一大批轨道交通的规划运营人才,为拉丁美洲城市轨道交通建设提供了一个新模式。波多黎各的经验对于我国当前的城市轨道交通建设同样具有借鉴意义。

At the beginning of the 1990s, Puerto Rico started to develop its first modem urban rail transit system （the Tren Urbano program）. Professional development and academic research was incorporated into the Tren Urbano program through technology transfer activities. The Tren Urbano program was driven by the unique Puerto Rican situation and turned out to be a model of technology transfer in public transportation for American and other nations. This program has been carried out for over 13 years through corporation among Puerto Rico universities, MIT, and railway agencies, and has experienced the whole process of planning, construction, fine-tuning, operation and policy analyzing. It is believed that this corporation played an important role in optimizing the planning of the system, improving the project quality and construction efficiency, promoting local development of rail transportation related industries, encouraging the application and research of new technologies, and in the training of a large amount of urban rail transportation planning and operation professionals, It is also believed that this program established a new model for construction of urban rail transportation facilities in Latin America. Puerto Rico＇s experience could be helpful for urban rail transportation development in China.