基于公交IC卡数据的OD推算技术研究

Approaching Bus OD Matrices Based on Data Reduced from Bus IC Cards

公交OD矩阵是进行公交调度和公交线网优化的基础资料。随着公交IC卡技术的广泛应用,如何利用IC卡的数据信息来推算公交OD矩阵以及换乘次数、出行次数等公交出行信息,具有很强的现实意义和实用价值。通过对IC卡统计数据特点的分析,利用数据挖掘技术,分别对公交线路站点OD和区间出行OD的推算方法进行了研究,并进一步研究了如何从IC卡统计数据中得到公交出行的其他信息。分别给出了由IC卡统计数据推算公交线路站点OD和区间出行OD的方法,并提出了基于GIS的公交IC卡数据分析处理系统框架,建立了系统分析流程来实现公交OD的推算。通过分析发现,公交IC卡的数据分析处理最终要建立起能将数据库的处理功能和地理空间的属性特性结合起来的地理信息系统,才能够有效地解决公交OD推算、换乘次数以及出行次数等问题。

Bus OD matrices are crucial inputs for bus dispatching and bus network optimization. With a wide application of IC （Intelligent card） card technologies, it is both meaningful and valuable to investigate how the data collected from bus IC cards can be fully utilized to approach OD matrices and calculate the numbers of bus transfers and trip frequencies. Based on the characteristics of bus IC card data, this paper develops methods for estimating both stop-based ODs and link-based ODs between two stops using data mining technology. The paper further considers what information else can be obtained from IC card data. The proposed methods aim to approach bus stop OD data and regional trip OD data using a systematic framework based on GIS. Meanwhile, a flow chart is given in the paper to help reduce bus OD data. It was concluded that GIS, which combines data processing function with geographical attributes, is the best way to process IC card data. Using this method, the problems related to bus OD matrices, transfer times, and trip frequencies, can be resolved effectively.