散打运动损伤的训练学致因分析

Analysis of training related causes for sports injuries in Sanda

对我国散打运动员运动损伤的现状、特征及训练学致因进行了探讨。我国散打运动员运动损伤情况较为普遍,但其损伤程度轻微;运动损伤主要发生在专项训练、准备期的后期和竞赛期;常见于鼻、腰、耳等部位;受伤类型多为扭伤,病程为急性损伤;运动损伤的发生率与年龄、训练年限、文化程度、比赛次数成负相关,与运动等级成正相关;规则的变动、身高、套路训练等与损伤程度不显著相关;造成运动损伤的训练方法主要有比赛训练法、重复训练法、持续训练法等,而技术动作主要为摔法;散打运动员受伤的主要原因包括技术要领不正确、准备活动不合理、局部负担过重、恢复时间及措施不合理、注意力不集中等。

The author probed into the current state and characteristics of and training related causes for sports injuries in Sanda athletes in China, and revealed the following findings： sports injuries are common for Sanda athletes in China, but the degree of such injuries is minor; sports injuries mainly occur in event specific training, late prepara- tion period, and competition period; sports injuries commonly occur to such areas as the nose, waist and ears; the type of the injuries is mostly sprain, while the nature of the injuries is acute injury; the incidence of sports injuries is negatively correlative with the age, number of years of training, educational background, and number of competitions, and positively correlative with sports level; changes of the rules, stature and series move training are not significantly correlative with the degree of such injuries; training methods that cause sports injuries mainly include contest training method, repeating training method, and continuous training method, while the major technical moves that cause sports injuries are mainly the wrestling approach; main causes for Sanda athletes to get injured include such aspects as incorrect technical moves, irrational warm-up exercises, too heavy loads on the shoulders, irrational time and measures for recovery, and poorly focused attention.