福建0608^#超强台风“桑美”灾害分析

Analysis of Devastating "Sangmei" Typhoon No.0608 in Fujian

根据福建省气象台和宁德市气象台提供的超强台风"桑美"的风情、雨情、水情、潮情和灾情资料,基于灾害系统理论,对"桑美"的致灾机制和灾情特征进行详细分析.结果表明:"桑美"的致灾因子强度超强,最大风力超过"卡特里娜"飓风,主要通过狂风、暴雨和风暴潮及其引发的灾害链致灾;灾情特重,主要以人员伤亡和船只沉毁、房屋损毁为主.造成巨大损失的原因与台风致灾因子强且"三碰头"有关外,还与福建东北部多山、港湾地形潮水上涨巨大、山地性河流短促、人们防灾意识薄弱、防灾工程水平低、灾害预警机制不够完善等有关.为此,提出若干减灾对策.

The mechanism and exposure characteristics of the devastating typhoon ＂Sangmei＂ occurred in Fujian were analyzed, which showed that this particular typhoon had brought a serious intensity of hazard, even exceeding the Katarina hurricane happened in the Unite States. The typhoon caused great disaster through chains of strong wind, rainstorm, and storm surge, which broke out simultaneously, and resulted in huge loss. Other factors, including the mountain layout in northern Fujian, the massive tide ascent in the bay, the short flow of mountainous river, the weakness of consciousness on disaster prevention, and low level of disaster pre-warning system and prevention mechanism, are all conducive to the great disaster caused by ＂Sangmei＂. Finally, some countermeasures about diasater reduction were presented.