人工育苗条件下舟山牙鲆仔稚鱼的摄食与生长

Feeding habits and growth performance of larvae and juvenile of Paralichthys olivaceus under artificial rearing conditions

在人工育苗条件下，对0-36日龄舟山本地牙鲆仔稚幼鱼的摄食形为和生长特性进行了研究。水温19～22℃时，初孵仔鱼～15d属于仔鱼期，16～35d为稚鱼期，36d起转为幼鱼期。牙鲆全长与日龄的关系式为Y=1．0282＋0．7011x-0．0184x^2＋0．0006x^3，R^2=0．992；肛前长与日龄的关系式为Y=0．1797＋0．3717x-0．0121x^2＋0．0002x^3，R^2=0．960；体高与日龄的关系式为Y=0．6156—0．0696x＋0．0224x^2＋0．0003x^3，R^2=0．988。舟山本地牙鲆孵化后3d开始开口摄食，试验用生物饵料为轮虫、卤虫无节幼体、配合饵料。在仔鱼阶段其摄食率为25％～100％，饱食率为25％～80％；到稚幼鱼阶段摄食率均达到100％，饱食率90％。摄食高峰基本出现在白天，属白天摄食类型，稚鱼期会出现早晨与黄昏二个摄食高峰，稚鱼期晚上基本不摄食。舟山本地牙鲆饱食时间随生长发育增加而缩短，消化时间随生长发育而增长。研究结果表明，除培育水温较北方牙鲆培育水温高而使生长发育较快外，摄食特性没有太大的差异。

The feeding habits and growth performance of Paralichthys olivaceus larvae and juvenile during the first 36 d after hatch under artificial hatchery conditions were studied. Under the temperature of 19 to 22 ℃, the prelarval stage lasted for 15 days after hatch, and postlarval stage lasted from 16th day to 35th day. From 36th day, it became juvenile fish. The relationship between total length and fish age in days was expressed as Y= 1. 028 2 ＋0. 701 1x -0. 018 4x^2 ＋0. 000 6x^3 ,R^2 =0. 992 ;The relationship between anus length and fish age in days was expressed as Y=0. 179 7 ＋0. 371 7x -0. 012 1x^2 ＋0. 000 2x^3 ,R^2 =0. 960; The relationship between high length and fish age in days was expressed as： Y=0. 615 6 -0. 069 6x ＋0. 022 4x^2 ＋0. 000 3x^3,R^2 = 0. 988. As far as Paralichthys olivacens from Zhoushan area was concerned, its larval mouth opened at 3th day. The larvae and juvenile were fed with rotifers, Artemia naupUi and mixed feeds according to a designed experiment. In prelarval stage, its feeding rate ranged from 25% to 100%, fullness rate from 25% to 80% ; In postlarval and juvenile stages, its feeding rate reached 100% , fullness rate 80%. Paralichthys olivacens has a highest feeding peak by day. Besides, the larvae had two highest feeding peaks, while juveniles fed only in the morning. With the development and growth of Paralichthys olivacens juveniles from Zhoushan area, its fullness period decreased and digestion period increased. Comparing to Paralichthys olivacens from north China, the development rate of Zhoushan juvenile was higher, but there was no difference in feeding habits.