水产生物技术研究的回顾、最新进展及前景展望

Review,recent progress and prospects of aquaculture biotechnology researches

1简要回顾 水产生物技术是20世纪80年代开始发展起来的、以水产生物为主要研究对象，以水产业应用为目的，以基因工程、细胞工程、发酵工程、酶工程等现代生物技术为主体的综合性技术体系。水产生物技术是生物技术的重要组成部分，也是当今世界发展最快的高技术领域之一。由于生物技术在水产养殖、良种培育、性别控制、生殖调控与苗种生产、病害防治、种质资源保存与濒危物种保护以及水环境监测与污染治理等方面具有重要的理论及应用价值，水产生物技术自诞生之日起，就受到各国政府和科学家的高度重视。

First of all, the development of aquaculture biotechnology in the world was briefly reviewed, mainly including gene cloning, gene transfer, chromosome manipulation, polyploid induction, gynogenesis and sex control in fish. Secondly, the development and achievement of aquaculture biotechnology recently in China were presented, including the screening and cloning of functional genes in aquaculture animals, the screening and application of molecular marker, breeding by gene engineering and cell engineering, culture of fish embryo stem cell and the establishment of cell library, products of gene engineering for fishery, vaccine development, the cryopreservation of fish sperm and embryo, and so on. Thirdly, the problem and deficiency of the development and research in aquaculture biotechnology in China were pointed out by comparing with the development abroad. Finally, the trend of aquaculture biotechnology was prospected, moreover, the trend and key points of research in 5 to 10 years in China were suggested.