碳纤维增强水泥基复合材料的研究

Study of carbon-fiber-reinforced cement-based composites

水泥混凝土材料以其抗压强度高、施工方便等优点在人类建筑史上发挥了重要作用,但由于其功能单一、脆性大、自重大、抗拉强度和抗弯强度低等缺点,在特殊领域中的用途受到了很大限制。碳纤维具有高弹性、高模量、比重小、耐腐蚀、对人畜无害等优异性能被视为许多材料的优良增强体。将其加入到水泥基体中,制成碳纤维增强水泥基复合材料(CFRC),不仅可改善水泥自身力学性能的缺陷,使其具有高强度、高模量、高韧性,更重要的是把普通的水泥建筑材料变成了具有自感知内部温度、应力和损伤及一系列电磁屏蔽性能的功能材料。

Cement concrete materials have played an important role in human＇s construction history for its high compressive strength and easy operation during construction. However, its application in some special field is greatly restricted owing to its single function, brittleness, heavy self-weight, poor strength against tension and bending. Carbon fibers are regarded as good reinforcement for many materials due to their high elasticity, high modulus, less density, resistance to corrosion, and harmlessness to human beings and domestic animals. Carbon-fiber-reinforced cement-based composites （CFRC） that are achieved by adding carbon fibers into cement exhibit high flexural strength, high tensile strength, high flexural toughness and high tensile ductility. Thus not only the mechanical properties of cement are improved, but functional materials CFRC are obtained that are able to sense the interior temperature, stress and damage as well as to shield off electromagnetic waves.