一株黄铜矿专属浸出细菌的分离与鉴定

Isolation and characterization of bacterium for chalcopyrite bioleaching

从甘肃白银硫化矿区矿坑水中分离得到一株能够浸矿的细菌（命名为BY）,该菌株为革兰氏阴性细菌,短杆状,菌体的直径×长度为（0.45±0.05）μm×（1.5±0.4）μm,最适生长温度为25-30℃,最适pH值为2.0,化能自养型,能利用亚铁、单质硫和低浓度的葡萄糖生长,不能利用硫代硫酸钠、蛋白胨生长。研究结果表明：BY菌株与嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌（简称A.f菌）WJ13位于系统发育树同一个分支中,相似度为99.66%,与标准A.f菌株ATCC23270的相似度为99.93%;编码区的核酸序列与报道序列（登记序列号DQ166839-DQ166841）仅差1个碱基,氨基酸序列完全一致;于30℃浸出27 d后,含菌株的摇瓶的Cu^2＋的质量浓度即达到60 mg/L,而无菌浸出时Cu^2＋的质量浓度仅为10 mg/L,表明该菌株具有应用于黄铜矿浸出的潜力。

A bioleaching bacterium was isolated from a sulfide tailings of Baiyin, Ganshu Province in China, named as BY, The strain BY is gram-negative and rod-shaped in （0.45±0.05） μm×（1.5±0.4） μm. The optimum growth temperature is 25-30 ℃, and the optimum growth pH is 2.0. It can grow autotrophically by using ferrous, sulfur and glucose as sole energy sources, but it can not grow with NaS2O3 and peptone. In the phylogenetic tree, BY has similarity to Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans （A.f） strain WJ12, and the type strain ATCC23270 with 99.93% sequence similarity. There is only one in coding sequence （CDS） and the same protein sequence. The copper concentration is 60 mg/L while the control is only 10 mg/L after 27 d. This bacteria can be used to leach chalcopyrite in industry application.