重新审视“声符”——宋元“右文说”的起始与发展

A Re-examination of the "Phonological Symbols"——Beginning and Development of the View of Rightward Phonetic Symbol in the Song and the Yuan Dynasty

宋元学者的词源学研究是从"右文"研究开始的,最早的研究者是王圣美。张世南、王观国等进一步申说了王圣美的学说。宋代郑樵提出了形声字演变中的"母子衍生说"。宋末元初戴侗的词源研究具有开拓意义,从形声字声符入手,梳理初文和孳生字之间的关系,系联了不少同声符的形声字,他所做的工作实际上就是同源词的系联工作。戴侗词源研究的另一个特点是从声音上贯通古今雅俗词语,寻找它们之间音义上的联系。系统总结宋元时期的词源学研究,对今天探讨这一问题有十分重要的意义。

Wang Shengmei, the pioneer researcher of rightward phonetic symbol in Chinese, started the tradition of etymological study in the Song and the Yuan Dynasty. Wang＇s theory gained further advancement by Zhang Shinan and Wang Guanguo, two later scholars. Furthermore, Zheng Jiao, a scholar in the Song Dynasty, introduced the view of ＂Mother Producing Children＂ in the evolution of pictophonetic words. In the late Song and the early Yuan Dynasty, Dao Dong made significant contributions to etymological study. He started with pictophonetic words, combed out the relations between original words and derivative words and grouped numbers of pictophonetic words that shared the phonemes. Dai＇ s other contribution of etymological study was to connect formal and informal words by sounds to seek their relations in sound and meaning. Therefore, a systematic summary of etymological studies in the Song and the Yuan Dynasty is of great importance to such study in modern times.