人力资本的获得与农村流动人口的社会流动——一种立足于制度视角的分析

Access to Human Capital and Social Mobility of Rural Migrants Analysis From System Perspectives

从人力资本配置制度角度分析了农村流动人口在城市的社会流动问题。在城市,农村流动人口之所以不能有效地通过职业转换实现社会地位的改变,一个很重要的原因是现行的人力配置制度已经为农村流动设定了不平等的社会流动机会,从而进一步影响第二代农村流动人口的社会流动,这里从教育体制、培训制度、单位制的人事制度以及生产体制等方面分析了农村流动人口的人力资本获得与他们的社会流动的关系。结论是,仅仅改变户口制度是不够的,必须进一步系统地改革人力资本配置制度;提高农村流动人口的人力资本水平,对他们获得更多的社会流动机会具有至关重要的价值。

From system perspectives of human capital allocation, this paper has analyzed the problem of social mobility of rural migrants in cities. In cities, one of the important reasons that the rural migrants can not effectively change their social status through career transition is because the existing human allocation system has become an unfair mechanism of social mobility to rural migrants. Furthermore, the system has affected the social mobility of the second generation of the rural migrants. The paper has analyzed the relation between the access to human capital and the social mobility of the rural migrants from the aspects of education system, training system, personnel system and production system of certain units. The paper concludes that to improve the existing situation, it is far from enough to simply change the system of registered permanent residence. Reforming the system of human capital allocation will play a key role in upgrading human capital level of the rural floating population and making them have more opportunities for social mobility.