苹果蠹蛾入侵的影响因素及检疫调控措施

The Factors Influencing Population Colonization and Control Methods of Codling Moth

苹果蠹蛾是世界性重要的果树害虫之一,适应性广,危害严重,成为许多国家重要的检疫对象。为了更有效地防止苹果蠹蛾入侵中国主要水果产区,借鉴更安全环保的检疫处理和苹果蠹蛾发生区的控制措施,分析了苹果蠹蛾的传播途径和成功入侵的影响因素如寄主植物、温度、湿度、降雨和光周期等,并重点介绍了溴甲烷熏蒸、低氧空气或混合气体处理和高温低氧低温冷藏处理等检疫处理,以及性诱剂、苹果蠹蛾颗粒病毒和利用赤眼蜂等田间生物防治措施。苹果蠹蛾的成功入侵与寄主植物的种类有直接的关系,而气候条件则是影响其种群的重要因素。3种检疫处理措施均能安全有效地杀灭水果中苹果蠹蛾的不同虫态,而田间生物防治措施则能有效地控制苹果蠹蛾成虫、卵和幼虫3个重要的虫态,从而降低水果的损失。因此,这些结果为苹果蠹蛾的内外检疫和和田间控制提供了重要的参考。

Codling moth, Laspeyresia pomonella （L.）, is one of the most important pests in fruit production around the world, and has become important quarantine object in many countries. Some biological characteristics and control methods of codling moth has been studied for preventing its invasion from epidemic regions to new regions and reducing damage of fruits in field. The spread ways, some factors influencing population colonization and control methods of codling moth were reviewed in the paper. This moth can be transmitted by fresh fruits, packaging material and padding directly influence the colonization of codling with larvae and pupae; Host species as a key factor moth in new regions, and the population development of codling moth was generally regulated by temperature, humidity, rainfall and photoperiod of colonizing regions. When methyl bromide fumigation, a low oxygen-controlled atmosphere or controlled atmospheres and a high temperature/low oxygen pulse improves cold storage disinfestations were applied to treat fresh fruits with codling moth larvae, the larvae were effectively killed in stored condition. In addition, the apple and other fruits infected by virus, releasing Trichogramma and use of sex pheromone. Therefore, these methods deserve to be extensivelyapplied in quarantine and control of codling moth in China.