心理评价机制与二语阅读过程中的认知信息处理交互关系

Interrelationship Between the Stimulus Appraisal System and Information Processing in ESL Reading Comprehension

心理评价是心理认知的一部分,它是指在信息处理过程中大脑同时对输入信息进行评价,并由此产生相应的情感,情感反过来影响认知信息处理过程。在行为主义心理学理论和认知心理学理论的框架下,研究者对阅读理解进行了许多有益的研究和探讨,然而由于其理论基础的局限性,即忽视了评价机制及其所产生的情感因素在阅读中的作用,在这两种理论框架下建立的阅读模式都不能真实地反映阅读过程。根据人本主义心理学理论和神经心理学的研究成果,信息的多层处理过程同时也是心理评价机制在各个层面对其评价并产生相应的情感的过程。本文对阅读的心理认知过程进行深入探讨,在此基础上尝试构建一种包含心理评价机制的交互式情感阅读模式,并探讨此模式对英语阅读教学的启示。

Stimulus appraisal is an indispensable part of human cognition.While information is being processed in the brain,it is also being evaluated by the appraisal system.As a result,certain emotions are generated,which in turn exert influence on the cognitive process.Owing to the limitation of the theories of Behaviorism and cognitive psychology,however,the reading models constructed up to now can rarely reveal the mental processes in reading comprehension as they are because the appraisal system and its influence on the reading process have been neglected.Therefore,based on the theory of Humanism and neuropsychological findings that the generated affect by the appraisal system exerts its influence on every layer of information processing in ESL reading comprehension,the author of this paper tentatively constructs an interactive model of reading comprehension,intending to interpret the reading process from a new perspective which,he believes,may lead to a more authentic understanding of its mechanism.