他们为什么呼吁人道主义——19世纪至20世纪初俄罗斯人道主义思潮简析

Why Do They Call for Humanism?——An Analysis on Russian Humanist Trend of Thoughts from 19th Century to the Early 20th Century

19世纪至20世纪初,人道主义成为俄国精英文化的主旋律,其深刻的历史与文化原因是:东正教教义对俄罗斯文化精英们的长期心灵洗刷;俄罗斯广袤大地上长期存在的村社文化对他们的精神影响;同时,对西方工业文明的体验与批判也深化了他们的俄罗斯人道主义思想。

From 19th Century to the early 20th Century, humanism had become the main theme of Russian elite culture. Here are the profound historical and cultural reasons of this phenomenon. The first reason is the long-time spiritual influence that Eastern Orthodox Church has produced on Russian cultural elite. The second reason is the long-standing communal culture in Russia. And at the same time, the experience and criticism of western industrial civilization has deepened Russian cultural elite＇s humanism.