鲜食与观赏苹果新品种乙女引种与鉴定研究

Reports on Introduction and Appraisal Alps Otome of New Apple Cultivar for Fresh-eating and Ornamental

乙女是辽宁省果树科学研究所1979年率先从日本引进的苹果品种。母本为红玉,父本不祥。果实圆形或长圆形,单果重50 g,果形指数0.9;全面着色。可溶性固形物14.8%,可溶性糖12.8%,可溶性酸0.38%;硬度7.7 kg/cm^2,微香;9月末10月初成熟。树冠小,腋花芽结果。花序坐果率90.3%,花朵坐果率81.0%。5 a生株产8～15 kg,8 a生667m^2产1 500 kg以上。抗寒性与金冠相当。对轮纹病和斑点落叶病抗性较强。果实着色期40 d,适于园林、庭院观赏,采摘果园及盆栽。可在1月平均气温-11℃线以南地区栽植。授粉品种以金冠、岳帅为宜。

Alps Otome apple was first introduced from Japan by LRIP in 1979. It was developed from the line Jonathan× unknown cultivar. The shape of fruit was round or long round. The single fruit weight was 50 g and the fruit shape index was 0. 9. It was fully coloring. Soluble solid content was 14. 8%. Soluble sugar content was 12. 8%. The titratable acidity was 0. 38%. The hardness was 7. 7kg/cm^2. Date of fruit maturity was from late September to early October. The crown was small. Axillary flower bud was easy fruiting. Inflorescence and flower of fruit setting ratio was 90. 3% and 81% respectively. The yield was 8 to 15kg per plant in 5-year-old. It was over 1500kg/667m^2 in 8-year-old. The cold hardness resistance was similar to Golden Delicious. It was strong resistance to ring rot disease and Alternaria alternate. The fruit was coloring early and lasted for 40 d. It was fit for garden and yard ornamental. It was also used for picking garden ornamental and potting culture. It could develop in the south of -11℃ line in January at the average temperature. The suitable fertilizers were Golden Delicious and Yueshuai.