1Levine B,Kalman J,Mayer L,et al.Elevated circulation levels of tumor necrosis factor in severe chronic heart failure.N Engl J Med,1990,323(4):236-241.
2Meurs KM,Fox PR,Miller MW,et al.Plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in cats with congestive heart failure.Am J Vet Res,2002,63(5):640-642.
4Sasayama S,Matsumori A.Role of cytokines in the syndrome of heart failure.Int Med,1996,35(1):60-63.
5Herrera-Garza EH,Stetson sJ,Cubillos-Gatzon A,et al.Tumor necrosis factor-α:a mediator of disease progression in the failing human heart.Chest,1999,115(4):1170-1174.
6Bradham WS,Moe G,Wendt KA,et al.TNF-alpha and myocardial matrix metalloproteinasea in heart failure:realtionship to LV remodeling.Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol,2002,282(4):1288-1295.
7Torre-Amione G,Kapadia S,Lee J,et al.Expression and functional significance of tumor necrosis factor receptors in human myo-cardium.Circulation,1995,92:1487-1493.
8Nag RS,Murry RG,Robertson DAS,et al.The effect of physical training on left ventricus function after acute myocardial infarction.Cardiac Rehabilitation,1987,4(3):102.
2[2]Levine B,Kalman J,Mayer-Fillit HM. Elevated circulating levels of tumor necrosis factor in severe chronic heart failure[J]. N Engl J Med, 1990,223:236-241
3[3]Giroir BP,Johnson JH,Brown T,et al. The tissue distribution of tumor necrosis factor biosynthesis during endotoxemia[J ]. J Clin Invest, 1992,90:693-698
4[4]Kapadia S,Oral H, Lee J,et al. Hemodynamic regulation of tumor necrosis factor-α gene and protein expression in adult feline myocardium [J ]. Circ Res, 1997,81:187-195
5[5]Torre-Amione G,Kapadia S,Lee J,et al. Tumor necrosis factor-a and tumor necrosis factor receptors in the failing human heart [J ]. Circulation, 1996,93:704-711
6[6]Bryant D, Becker L, Richardson J, et al. Cardiac failure in transgenic mice with myocardial expression of tumor necrosis factor-a[J]. Circulation, 1998,97:1375-1381
7[7]Torre-Arnione G,Kapadia S,Lee J,et al. Expression and functional significance of tumor necrosis factor receptors in human myocardium[J]. Circulation, 1995,92:1487-1493
8[8]Ferrari R,Bachettin T,Confortini R,et al. Tumor necrosis factor soluble receptors in patients with various degrees of congestive heart failure[J]. Circu lation, 1995,92:1479-1486
9[9]Van Zee KJ,Kohmo T,Fischer E,et al. Tumor necrosis factor soluble recep tors circulate during experimental and clinical inflammation and can protect against excessive tumor necrosis factor-α in vitro and in vivo[J]. Proc Nail Acad Sci USA, 1992 , 89: 4845-4849
10[10]Kapadia S,Torre-Amione G,Yokoyama T,et al. Soluble tumor necrosis factor binding proteins modulate the negative inotropic effects of TNF-α in
5Sharma R, Coats AJ, Anker SD. The role of inflammatory mediators in chronic heart failure :eytokines,nitric oxide,and endothelin-1 [J]. Int J Cardio1,2000,72(2) : 175-186.
6Valgimigli M, Curello S, Ceconi C, et al. Neurohormones, cytokines and programmed cell death in heart failure:a new paradigm for the remodeling heart[J]. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther, 2001,15 (6) : 529-537.
7Kang PM ,Izumo S. Apoptosis and heart failure: A critical review of the literature[J]. Circ Res, 2000,86 ( 11 ) : 1107-1113.
8Winkes JA. The TWEAK-Fnl4 cytokine-receptor axis: discovery,biology and therapeutic targeting[J]. Nat Rev Drug Discov, 2008,7 : 411-425.
9Bradham WS, Bozkurt B, Gunasinghe H, et al. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and myocardial remodeling in progression of heart failure : a current per- spective[J]. Cardiovasc Res, 2002,53 (4) : 822-830.
10Kumar A, Paladugu B, Mensing J, et al. Nitric oxide-dependent and-in- dependent mechanisms are involved in TNF-alpha -induced depression of cardiac myocyte contractility[J]. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 2007,292 (5) : R 1900-1906.