中国犬源性和野生动物源性内脏利什曼病的研究进展

Research progress on caninotic and euzoonotic type visceral leishmaniasis in China

我国内脏利什曼病在整个演化过程中反映出不同的流行病学特点，从原始野生动物经犬到人的三个演化阶梯，即野生动物源性内脏利什曼病、犬源性内脏利什曼病和人源性内脏利什曼病。我国陇南川北山区是内脏利什曼病自然疫源地和犬源性内脏利什曼病并存的疫区。人偶尔可直接从野生动物宿主经野生中华白蛉而感染，而更多的是野生动物宿主通过野生白蛉由犬再经白蛉传染给人。阐明这一传播关系，从理论上探讨内脏利什曼病的起源和演化规律，按其各自的特点和规律来制定计划，将对内脏利什曼病和媒介白蛉的预防与控制的实施具有重要指导意义。

The developmental stages of leishmaniasis in China showed different endemic characters. From the wild animals to dogs and then to human, there are three stages for leishmaniasis transmission including euzoonotic type visceral leishmaniasis, caninotic type visceral leishmaniasis and anthroponotic type visceral leishmaniasis. The mountain area of Southern Gansu and Northern Sichuan is the endemic area of caninotic type visceral leishmaniasis and anthroponotic type visceral leishmaniasis. Human may be casually infected by the wild sandflies from the wild animals, but most of the patients are infected by wild sandflies with parasites from infected dogs, while the dogs were infected from wild animals by sandflies. The clarification of this transmission relationship will lay a theoretic base for discussing insight into the genesis and evolvement of visceral leishmaniasis, as well as making plans and actualizing them based on the feature and rules of the disease thus to promote the control and prevention of visceral leishmaniasis and its vector sandfiles.