先秦儒学圣人德化机制的逻辑重构——以社会秩序建构为中心

On the Influence of Virtues of Confucian Sage upon the Social Order Construction in the Pre-Qin Period

先秦儒学以圣人为社会秩序建构主体,主张通过圣人的人格力量感化民众,把"仁"推广到社会共同体中去。一旦"仁"成为社会成员认同的核心价值,人们就能够生活在一种基于善良情感的秩序之中,从而免遭社会混乱所带来的灾难。我们把这种构建秩序的途径称为圣人德化。圣人德化之所以可能,首先是人类情感的共通性为圣人德化提供了心理前提,其次是身体呈现为圣人德化提供了现实通道,再次是经典学习和礼乐教化构成了圣人德化的制度化生活方式。先秦儒学以圣人作为"以身载道"的理想人格教化民众,努力发挥圣人之德对于社会成员的凝聚作用,展示了其社会秩序建构思想重视人格力量的特点。

Confucianism in the pre-Qin period claimed that Sage, with his influence of personality, is key to the construction of the social order based on Benevolence. This approach to social order construction, which believes in the influence of virtues of Confucian Sage, is possible due to the following facts： first, psychologically, there is the sympathy of human beings~ second, the body of Sage could directly influence people around him since mind and body are united together; third, Sage can indirectly influence people in the course of learning classics, rites and music. This approach is characterized by its stress on the importance of personality in the social order construction.