20世纪八九十年代美国的环境正义运动

A Study on the Environmental Justice Movement of America in 1980s and 1990s

环境正义运动是上世纪80年代初在美国兴起的一场以实现环境平等权为主旨的基层群众运动。环境正义运动的直接起因是环境风险的不公平分配这一社会现实。环境正义运动有着广阔的社会背景和深刻的历史渊源,一定意义上,环境正义运动是民权运动的扩展,是对主流环保组织的挑战。环境正义运动对美国社会产生了多方面的影响。20世纪90年代,美国社会各界不同程度地对环境正义运动做出了回应。

The environmental justice movement, which rose in the early 1980s, is a grass-root movement for environmental rights. The cause of the environmental justice movement is the fact of unfair distribution of environmental risks. In a sense, environmental justice movement is a development of civil rights and a challenge of mainstream environmental groups. Environmental justice movement has produced extensive influence on American society. In 1990s,all circles have made active responses to environmental justice movement.