以作物残茬为生物篱在裸露农田营建防风带技术的研究

Technique of Windbreak Construction in Bare Fields using Crop Stubble Fences

根据农田防护林等生物篱网防治农田风蚀的原理,把作物残茬作为生物篱间隔插入马铃薯裸露农田,形成以残茬为生物篱的农田防护篱网,可以解决北方旱作马铃薯生产基地农田严重风蚀问题,核心技术是利用残茬把连片的裸露农田间隔分成宽7.2m以下的带田,形成留茬带与裸露带间作的农田,不仅使留茬带的风蚀量降低80%以上,其裸露带的风蚀量也降低50%以上,取得防治马铃薯裸露农田的风蚀沙化,保护和提高耕地质量的实效。总结提出在北方旱作区采用麦类/油菜等条播作物留茬与马铃薯等根茎类作物间作轮作营建裸露农田防风篱网的保护性耕作技术。

Wind erosion is the main problem in the northern ecotone of China particularly in the potato field with bare soil after harvest.Based on the principle of reducing wind speed by windbreak,crop stubble was inserted into potato field after harvest as a biological protective fence in order to control wind erosion.The key technique is intercropping in which potato strip keeps stubble of the last year and the neighboring strip of other crops does not keep stubble.The width of each strip should be less than 7.2m.In the whole winter and spring,soil erosion decreased more than 80% in the strips with stubble,while that decreased more than 50% in the bare strips based on the measurement in the experiments.As a result,the soil fertility and the field quality could be conserved.The technology of farming system protective from wind erosion by intercropping of root crop such as potato with strip sowing crops keeping stubble after harvest as a biological windbreak fence e.g.wheat,oat and rapeseed in the north dryland farming areas was developed and summarized in this paper.