社会主义建设前期失误的认识论根源

On the Epistemological Source of the Mistakes in the Early Period of Socialist Construction

中国社会主义建设前期是中国共产党对如何在中国建设社会主义进行探索的时期。在这一时期,除了受到社会历史条件的客观制约之外,还受着主体的实践水平、认识水平和客观事物本身复杂状况等认识条件的限制,从而在理论探索中出现以下四种情形:第一,认识上的不确定或无把握性,即在取得一种认识成果之后,往往不够坚定,不够牢固,甚至发生反复;第二,往往越过真理的界限而走向错误,即把比较正确的认识做了过分的强调和发挥,结果反而走上了错误的认识路径;第三,在认识客体方面对于探索的主题没有完全搞清楚,在认识主体方面不善于发挥集体探索的力量;第四,未能从系统论的视角来认识社会主义社会,从而也就没有形成比较完整意义上的社会主义建设理论体系。由于认识上存在盲目性,发生指导思想上的失误也就带有一定的必然性。

The early period of socialist construction in China was the period in which the Communist Party of China （CPC） explored how to build socialism in China. In this period, besides being restricted by objective historical conditions, it was also restricted by subjective cognitive conditions on the level of practice and cognition and on the complicated conditions of the objective things itself. The following showed the exploration in theory. Firstly, the uncertainties on cognition were obvious. After gaining a kind of cognitive achievement, it was often unstable or even had relapses. Secondly, it frequently crossed the border of truth to mistakes. Over emphasizing and developing the comparatively correct cognition may lead to the mistaken cognitive path. Thirdly, from the aspect of the cognitive object, the theme of the exploration was not clear completely and from the aspect of the cognitive subject, the collective power was not fully used. Finally, the socialist society was not known from the perspective of systematic theory, so the comparatively integrated theoretical system of socialist construction was not formed. Because of the blindness on cognition, the mistakes on the guiding ideology was a certain result in a certain sense.