哲学与科学的可能性之间的循环证明——从康德《纯粹理性批判》的视域看

On the Circular Demonstration Between Philosophy and the Possibility of Science——From the Perspective of Kant's Critique of Pure Reason

从一种知识学的角度看,科学的可能性须哲学来加以证明,而哲学也须以科学的可能性来证明其合法性。康德在《纯粹理性批判》中,不仅从纯粹理性批判哲学出发来证明纯粹数学、纯粹自然科学的可能性,并且也以纯粹数学和纯粹自然科学的可能性为证据来证明纯粹理性批判哲学。它们联结为一个循环证明,其有效性将受到质疑。但我们不能因此简单地否定其价值,其目的是人的知识与自由,并且显示一种哲学、科学和逻辑学之间的有趣张力。

The possibility of science requires philosophy to demonstrate it by the way of epistemology; at the same time, philosophy also requires the possibility of science to demonstrate its validity. In Critique of Pure Reason, Kant not only demonstrates the possibilities of pure mathematics and pure natural science by his philosophy of critique of pure reason, but also demonstrates his philosophy of critique of pure reason by the possibilities of pure mathematics and pure natural science. The demonstration is circular. But we can＇t think it as valueless when we are doubtful of its validity, because it targets the relation between human＇s knowledge and freedom and it also reveals an interesting strain among philosophy, science and logic.