深圳地区8～14岁女性性发育现状调查及影响因素分析

Investigation of sex development status and relevant causes factors of female students that age at eight to fourteen years in Shenzhen city

目的:调查深圳地区8～14岁中小学女生青春期发育状况及影响因素,为制定干预措施提供科学依据。方法:采用整群分层随机抽样法对1362名女生进行青春期发育调查,内容包括身高、体重、乳房发育类型、胸围、腹围、臀围等测查及相关因素的问卷调查。结果:深圳地区28.7%的女生在12岁时乳房发育接近成熟。月经初潮年龄明显提前,最早8岁开始,65.8%的女生在12岁月经初潮。体重超重组、接触性信息组的Ⅳ～Ⅴ级乳房发育率比非超重和未接触组显著增加,月经初潮年龄提前(P<0.001)。运动少组Ⅳ～Ⅴ级乳房发育率比爱好运动组显著增加(P<0.001),月经初潮年龄提前(P<0.05)。结论:青春期启动和性发育明显提前,体重超重、运动少、接触性信息是青春期发育提前的主要诱因。

Objective： To investigate sex development status and relevant causes factors of female students that age at eight to fourteen years in Shenzhen city for establishing preventive strategies. Methods： 1 362 female students were studied using method of simple random stratified sampling survey. The stature, weight, breast development types, chest circumference, abdomen circumference, hip circumference of schoolgirls were measured and relevant causes factors of sex development were surveyed. Results： Breast development of 28. 7% female students are closing to sex maturation stage. In our datum, the earliest age of menarche was eight years, and menarche rate of female students before twelve years were 65. 8%. The Breast development rate in IV -V stage of overweight group, touching sex information group and less - exercise group were significantly higher than non - overweight group , non - touching sex information group and exercise group, respectively （P〈0. 001, P〈0. 001, P〈0. 01）. The time of menarche were earlier than non-overweight group, non-touching sex information and exereise groups, respectively （P〈0. 001, P〈0. 001, P〈0. 05） . Conclusion： The schedule of onset and development of puberty was ahead. Overweight, less - exercise and touching sex information are potential causes of the early onset of puberty.