“北狄乐”考论(上)

"Beidi Music" Textual Research

"北狄乐"是汉唐时期,北方鲜卑、匈奴、羌、氐、羯等各民族音乐通称。其经历原创、交融、分化等历史变迁后,部分歌曲被改造提升,进入北魏音乐机关,成为祭祀、享宴、郊庙音乐的一部分,其歌辞为华语系统,部分继续在民间流传,其歌辞仍为鲜卑语。而华化的这部分歌曲通过战争、外交、民间等各种方式流传到南方。在华胡音乐文化交流渗透中,"北狄乐"不断地被汉化,到唐代,其自身的鲜卑语系统已完全消融于汉语的音乐文化系统中。"北狄乐"入华,一定程度上丰富了华乐,进入华乐系统后,"北狄乐"的性质改变了,成了中华民族传统音乐文化的一部分。

＂Beidi Music＂ is the common name for the folk music of those people in Xianbei, Xiongnu, Qiang, Di, Jie, etc. in the north. Part of it goes into the music department of North Wei after it experienced original creation, combination, differentiation, and in the end stepped up into part of music for fete, enjoying dinner, and temple, with its words from Chinese system, yet the other part goes on round in civilian with its original words of Xianbei language. The former part comes down to the south through kinds of ways as wars, diplomacy, civilian, etc. ＂Beidi Music＂ is continually assimilated by Chinese during the intercommunication and infiltration between Chinese music and Hu music, and till Tang Dynasty. its Xianbei language has already been completely assimilated and melted into the system of Chinese musical culture. This enriches Chinese music in a certain degree, and the nature of ＂Beidi Music＂ has been changed and has become a part of Chinese traditional folk music after its being assimilated.