收入分配问题的中国特点及其原因辨析

Chinese Characteristics of Income Distribution and Their Causal Analyses

我国的收入分配问题具有整体、城乡、地区、行业收入差距过大和扩大速度快等特点。以市场经济客观规律和发展阶段性不能解释我国收入分配问题的基本特点,而以再分配调节不足、腐败与垄断解释收入差距过大也流于表面。贫困源于制度,收入分配问题本质是产权问题。建国后形成并影响至今的社会等级经济制度和生产要素产权制度,在计划经济时期就形成了我国收入差距的基本特点;资源配置方式的市场化和倾斜政策、改革措施不配套及与市场经济相应的民主监督制度建设滞后,扩大了收入差距,加剧了收入分配不公。

The income distribution issue in China has its own characteristics： income gap between the whole population、rural and urban、different regions and diverse industries being very great and being broadened very quickly.It is difficult to explain the basic characteristics of income distribution issue in China by the objective rules of market economy and stages of economic development.On the other hand,it is very superficial to interpret the great income gap according to deficient adjustment of income redistribution、corruption and monopoly.Actually,poverty roots from system,and income distribution is essentially a property right problem.The caste economy system and property right institution of production factors,which formed from the foundation of PRC and have their influence up to now,resulted in the basic characteristics of China＇s income distribution as early as in the planned economy period.Meanwhile,the marketing of resource collocation mode,inclined policy,the lack of auxiliary measures for the reform and the delay of construction of democratic supervision system corresponding with the market economy all have enlarged income gap,and worsen the income distribution issue.